ABSTRACT
Anaesthesia machine, medication and crisis checklists have developed over the decades from the development of anaesthesia practice and the experience of unfortunate lapses, errors and patient harm. The ever increasing need to improve patient safety and reduce morbidity and mortality as well as improve workflow, teamwork and communication within the operating room has led to the development of a variety of checklists. These cover aspects of machine and equipment functionality but also basic standards such as essential monitoring, oxygen supply and emergency equipment. Crisis checklists have lowered the mortality associated with such perioperative emergencies. Overall, checklist use, mandatory practice in many hospitals, is highly recommended for patient safety in the operating room. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
ABSTRACT
A novel coronavirus outbreak occurred in December 2019;C reactive protein level is correlated with the severity of different infections. One hundred healthy health care workers from both genders over eighteen years old were participated to test their C-reactive protein level after vaccinated with Pfizer vaccine in the vaccination center Baghdad Teaching Hospital after one week of the second shot. No statically significant were observed with all result neither with all age groups nor between genders, C-reactive proteins level did not raised to a pathological level in all participants.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To Evaluate the Roley of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytek antigen 4 Polymorphism and soluble immune checkpoint level (PD-1,PDL-1 and CTLA-4) in SARS-Cov-2 patients. Methods: Fromt October 2020 to April 2021, the currentk study was conducted in Baghdad-Iraq. Ninety patients with Confirmatory SARS-Cov-2 by PCR were inclusion in the study, and they were seeking treatment at Medical City in Baghdad's Teaching Hospital (BTH). Patients with SARS-Cov-2 were divided into two groups: those with Sever SARS-Cov-2 symptom and those with mild - moderate SARS-Cov-2 symptoms (cross sectional study. Patients with another form of autoimmune illness, malignant, diabetes, under the age of 18 and pregnant women were excluded. Results: Data regarding serum level of CTLA-4f, PD-1j and PD-L1 in mild-moderate and severe covid19 patients were found to be non-normally distributed. The median serum level of CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 mild-moderate groups were much lower than that of severe cases with highly significant differences. Age demonstrated a positive significant correlation with each of CTLA-4 (r= 0.281, p= 0.007), PD-1 (r= 0.282, p= 0.007) and PD-L1 (r= 0.219, p= 0.039). Soluble CTLA-4 had a positive significant correlation with each of PD-1 (r=0.714, p<0.001) and PD-L1 (r= 0.602, p<0.001). Allele specific of CTLA-4(+49G/A) PCR was used for gene amplification and genotyping under Gel electrophoresis of PCR products revealed that this SNP had three genotypes in mild/moderate and severe cases of COVID-19. These were GG, GA and AA. The wild homozygous genotype (AA) was more frequent among severe group than mild-moderate group with a significant difference. Conclusion: Soluble Immune checkpoint markers are significantly increased in patients with covoid-19 in severe cases and soluble immune checkpoint markers are positively significant correlation with age and The genotyping CTLA-4(+49G/A) gene SNP (AG and GG by allele specific PCR) was significantly higher in mild-moderate covid-19 cases in which may indicate that this SNP mostly protective with good prognosis.